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Before the introduction of Ultra2 SCSI technology, about two years ago, all SCSI devices utilized what was commonly referred to as "single-ended" signaling. This basically meant that data was transferred by sending a series of digital ones and zeros down parallel wires. The voltage spikes and valleys at the other end were interpreted as "1s" and "0s", respectively.
As cable distances increased, the digital peaks and valleys became less prominent and the once-clear signals became a lot LESS clear. Furthermore, as signal speeds increased, there was less tolerance for signal "noise," which necessitated shorter cable lengths.
In order to simultaneously address the need for increasingly faster data transfer rates, along with longer allowable cable distances, the industry developed a new signaling technology known as "Low Voltage Differential (LVD)."
In simple terms . . . LVD signaling involves generating two inverse voltage signals simultaneously, and measuring the differential or difference between the primary and inverse voltages at the other end of the wires. The advantage of this approach is that the differential signals are much cleaner and less susceptible to degradation over distance. This solved the primary problems that were beginning to develop with the older, single-ended SCSI technology.
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