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Check third-party software
Many people unknowingly install what many experts irreverently refer to as “crapware.” Such software serves no important purpose while potentially causing problems, including performance issues. When having problems, an important test is to start up in Safe Mode by holding down the shift key at startup. This disables all third-party software that loads at startup, among other things. If the problem goes away in Safe Mode, but reappears when you reboot normally (ie, without holding down any keys), the problem is almost certainly third-party software.
If this is the case for you, the first thing to do is examine your login items. Go to System Preferences -> Users & Groups (or Accounts on older systems) and examine the items in the Login Items list. Remove some of those items and restart the computer. If the problem persists, remove some more. If the problem goes away, you’ll know you removed the cause. To be able to add those items back to the list later if you want to, you should control-click (or right-click) on each item and choose Show in Finder, then make a note of the location. (You can control-click the folder name in the title bar of the Finder window to see the path to the file.)
If the login items are not the problem, there are a couple other things that can keep software running in the background: LaunchAgents and LaunchDaemons. You can begin looking for these by choosing Go to Folder from the Finder’s Go menu and entering the following path:
~/Library/LaunchAgents
This will give you a list of files whose purpose is to keep some software running in the background, or perform some repeating task by opening a particular program periodically. These can be a source of trouble. You should weed out as many of these as you can by uninstalling the software responsible for them.
The names of these files should indicate what software they are part of. The names should generally follow a form similar to “com.companyname.productname.plist.” Use that information to determine what app installed it, then remove that app using the uninstaller provided by the developer. That uninstaller may part of the original disk or download you used to install the software, either as a standalone uninstaller or as part of the installer. There may also be a separate uninstaller that has been installed on your system somewhere, or an uninstall option may even be accessible through the app itself. If you’re not sure how to uninstall it, seek help from the developer.
Test after uninstalling each app. If removing a particular piece of software doesn’t help, you can install it again later, once you have found the culprit(s).
If that doesn’t help, try looking at the LaunchDaemons. Again, in the Finder, choose Go -> Go to Folder, and this time enter the following path:
/Library/LaunchDaemons
Repeat the same procedures to troubleshoot any items found there. If that doesn’t help, the last place to look is:
/Library/LaunchAgents
(Yes, that is different from the LaunchAgents folder you looked into first… note the crucial lack of a tilde (‘~’) character at the beginning of this path.)
Finally, if all else fails, try pasting the following command into the Terminal (found in the Utilities folder that is in the Applications folder):
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